4G - Fourth Generation Intenet Coverage

In this blog post I will be discussing how 4G will effect mobile phone usage. 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communications standards. 4G is a replacement to 3G, which is the third generation standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband internet access, for example to smart phones. 4G is an improved version of the 3G networks. It provides mobile networks to work at a very fast speed, much faster than the 3G networks allow it to.

4G network will dramatically effect mobile phone usage and what we can do with mobile phones. The main improvement 4G will have on mobile phones is how quickly people can connect to the internet through their mobile phone, without needing to be connected to a viable access point through their wi-fi. As people will be able to easily and extremely quickly be able to connect to the internet through their mobile phones, people may have less need for computers. Also, as people will be able to connect to the internet very quickly, the usage of mobile phones will also increase. This is because is someone needs to check something on the internet while they are out, they can now do it really easily on their mobile phone, and this means that person would be using their phone at a time they previously wouldn't of been, therefore their amount of mobile usage has risen.

The speed increase in mobile networks from 3G to 4G will also enable mobile applications to work at their maximum capabilities. An example of this is if someone has a YouTube application on their mobile phone and they want to watch a video showing them how to do something, with a 3G mobile network the stream of the video may buffer a lot and it will take a long time to watch the video. With a 4G network the person will be able to watch the video continuously without buffering. This will make the video easier to watch and will also give the viewer a more enjoyable experience. The quality of the videos people may want to watch would also increase as the speed and strength of the network is greater than the previous one.

Overall 4G mobile networks would increase mobile usage as it is much faster than the current 3G networks. Having a 4G network will also increase how enjoyable the experience is for people using mobile networks and the multi-media applications on their mobile phones.

Entertainment Timeline

In this blog I will be discussing how entertainment has developed and improved over the past 100 or so years. When these technological advances started they were quite expensive to afford. This meant that only the rich or very wealthy people could afford these pieces of technology. This made early technology rare as the equipment used to make these forms of technology were not very efficient, so the prices of them were a lot. Below is an image of an entertainment timeline. This shows the different forms of entertainment and how entertainment has evolved over time.





http://vento-meister.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/entertainment-timeline.html

1900-1949

The radio was first introduced in 1901. When the radio was first introduced not many people had them as they were too much for most people to afford, unlike today where everyone has one and they are a very common item. When radio was first introduced it worked through wireless telegraph. As science developed and electromagnetic waves were discovered, people found out that the electromagnetic waves are a much better way of transmitting through radio, so then radio started using these to transmit. The radio then went on to being installed in cars and has advanced through time.

A second technological advance through this period was the development of theatre. This technological advance in theatre was the invention of drive-in theatres. This invention was made by Richard M. Hollingshead. In 1932, Richard M. Hollingshead of Camden, New Jersey created the first outdoor theatre by nailing several movie screens to trees in his backyard and placing a movie projector on the hood of a car. To determine if audio could be heard clearly in a vehicle, Hollingshead put a radio behind the screen to test the sound. He put ramps and blocks in his Thomas Avenue driveway to see how well cars could view the movie screens. In June, 1933, Hollingshead opened a drive-in movie theatre with a 40-by-50 foot screen in a lot big enough for 500 cars. In these times drive in theatres were extremely popular and seen as a major technological advance.

In 1940 the first digital computer was invented. These were originally the size of a large room and consumed as much power as several hundred personal computers (PC's). These computers were invented by John Vincent Atanasoff and Cliff Berry.

1950-1969

In 1958 the first video game was invented by William Higinbotham. This game is called Tennis for Two. Higinbotham invented this game to make science exhibits more interactive for the public. Higinbotham wrote, “it might liven up the place to have a game that people could play, and which would convey the message that our scientific endeavours have relevance for society." Tennis for Two uses a two dimensional side view of a tennis court, where the people playing the game has to knock the ball over the net and the first person to fail to achieve this and hits the net loses. Players served and volleyed using controllers with buttons and rotating dials to control the angle of an invisible tennis racquet’s swing.

In 1962 Phillips invented the compact cassette medium for audio storage. This was invented in the Netherlands. The compact cassette went on to be released in Europe in 1963 and in the US in 1964. The compact cassette was a huge technological advance within the music industry.

1970-1989

The main invention in this time period was the invention of the mobile or cellular phone. The cellular phone was invented by Martin Cooper in New York and was first released in Japan in 1973. Cooper invented the mobile phone while he was working for Motorola. The first mobile phone was released by Motorola and was called the DynaTac phone. The DynaTac was then released in America in 1983 with a price tag of $3995. Even though this was a very high price to pay there was a long waiting list and everybody wanted on as it was an extraordinary advance in technology at the time.

In 1981 the first IBM computer was invented and was called the IBM PC (personal computer). The IBM PC was invented by a group of engineers and designers directed by Don Estridge of the IBM Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton, Florida.  The IBM PC was kept a complete secret until its release date in 1981. IBM paired with Bill Gates for the IBM PC, and Gates was responsible for constructing the operating system for the new IBM PC. This operating system was called MS-DOS 1.0. The starting price of the IBM PC was $1,500.

Later on that here Bill Gates went on to invent Microsoft. Microsoft was first invented ion 1986. Microsoft was established to develop and sell basic interpreters for the Altair 8800. Micorsoft is now the dominant software today and is making billions and pounds.

1990-2009

The World Wide Web (WWW) was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Burners-Lee. Burners-Lee was a British engineer and computer scientist. Burner-Lee was the leader of the group of people who invented the World Wide Web as I have already stated, defined Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) used to create webpages, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Universal Resource Locator's (URL).

A second new invention in this time period was the iPod. Apple publicly announced the launch of the iPod in 2001. The iPod is a portable music digital player and was released just after the release of iTunes. The CEO of apple, Steve Jobs, ordered engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Jonathan Ive. The iPod was invented because another product like the iPod were found to be either big and clunky or small and useless by the workers at Apple, so they decided to release their own version which has become the most popular choice of portable music digital players today.

YouTube was invented in 2005 by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim. These three people sold YouTube to Google in November 2006 for $1.65 billion. Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim were all employees at PayPal when they met. Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, while Chen and Karim both studied computer science together at  University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

 

Legislation ppt.

The Digital Divide

What Leads to Being on the Wrong Side of the Divide

The least digitally developed countries in the world according to the ITU are: Guinea Biseau, Chad, Mali, Burkino Fasso and Niger. There are different reasons for why these countries are under developed digitally compared to other countries and on the wrong side of the digital divide. In this blog post I will discuss the different reasons for why these countries are not as far in digital development as other countries and why they are on the wrong side of the digital divide.

These five countries, Guinea Biseau, Chad, Mali, Burkino Fasso and Niger, are all from the same part of Africa. This shows that the living standards are very similar in these five countries and that maybe something that happens in one country will effect the other four countries as well. The map below is a map of Africa, and it shows that these five countries are located next to each other or very close to each other within the continent.

http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/africa.html 

One factor that effects the digital divide is the economic prosperity of the country. A poor economy will be more concerned with basic survival than with ICT, however a rich country like the UK for example will be able to fund the research and development needed to create digital technologies. As these countries are unable to afford the prices of good research and development d=facilities and equipment, they are unable to produce as many or any high quality computers with the latest technological features to it.

Another factor that puts people from these countries on the wrong side of the digital divide is the amount of money the citizens of that country actually earn. This is a main factor as the people in these countries will not be able to afford a computer on the wages they are being paid, and therefore will not have access to as much or as good computer technology as people are in England for example. As the workers earn very little as their jobs are usually to provide the raw materials for foods, such as cocoa, for other more powerful countries like the UK, so they will not be getting paid enough money to afford to buy computers as everything they earn will go towards to the basic necessities like food and water.

Data Response

The Impact of Access to Telecoms



All information in this table is from the CIA World Factbook (https://www.cia.gov/index.html)